基于多指标评估云模型的车载动力锂电池火灾风险研究

为了探究多影响因素下车载动力锂电池火灾风险特性，确保其安全运行，本文采用基于多指标熵权云模型的评估方法，探讨了不同风险层级下的风险指标隶属度特性，并提供了风险预防措施。结果表明，所选型号动力锂电池在风险等级Ⅲ以下的隶属度为0.684，风险整体处于可控范围；动力锂电池火灾风险事故中，发生可能性排名前五的风险指标中客观风险因素占80%，但客观风险因素发生的可能性小于人为诱发因素，后者平均维持在前者的62%左右；构建风险评估体系中电池类风险指标数达40%，其风险期望值相较其他风险因素低，可在电池生产阶段对所属的风险指标进行改进；电动汽车运行过程中对动力锂电池火灾风险影响最大的三个风险因素分别为气温过高、过充、事故撞击。

Research on fire safety of vehicle power lithium battery based on multi-index assessment cloud model

In order to explore the fire risk characteristics of vehicle power lithium battery under multiple influencing factors and ensure its safe operation, the evaluation method based on the multi-index entropy weight cloud model are adopted to analysis the characteristics of risk indexes under different risk levels, and the prevention measures are established. The results showed that the subordination degree of the selected type of power lithium battery under the risk level III is 0.684, and the overall risk is within the controllable range; In the fire risk accidents of power lithium battery, the objective risk factors account for 80% of the top five risk indexes, but the possibility of objective risk factors is less than that of human induced factors, and the latter is about 62 % of the former; The number of battery risk indexes in the risk assessment system is 40%, and its risk expectation is lower than other risk factors. The risk indexes can be improved in the battery production stage; The three risk factors that have the greatest impact on the fire risk of power lithium battery during the operation of electric vehicles are high temperature, overcharge and accident impact.