基于FDS的运输类飞机货舱烟雾探测试验方法研究

运输类飞机货舱烟雾探测试验采用烟雾发生器产生模拟烟雾的方式来进行，为科学合理地验证货舱烟雾探测系统的有效性，开展货舱烟雾探测试验方法研究。首先采用火灾动态仿真（fire dynamics simulator，FDS）对美国联邦航空管理局（Federal Aviation Administration，FAA）开展的货舱火灾试验进行火灾烟雾数值模型验证；然后，以某型运输机货舱为模型进行建模，采用经验证的烟雾数值模型进行不同发烟位置、货舱通风/不通风、不同货舱环境压力等条件下货舱烟雾扩散规律研究和烟雾探测器对烟雾的响应研究。结果表明：当火源位于8位置时，烟雾探测系统响应时间最长，该处为最严苛火源位置；舱内烟雾扩散情况受货舱通风条件影响很大，通风条件下烟雾探测系统报警时间比无通风条件下长；货舱环境压力越低，货舱顶部的烟雾扩散范围越大，有利于烟雾扩散，烟雾探测器告警越短。最后，根据实际货舱烟雾探测试验条件，从烟雾量大小、试验工况、发烟设备、发烟位置点选择等方面设计该型飞机货舱烟雾探测试验方法。

Research on Test Method of Smoke Detection in Cargo Compartment of Transport Aircraft Based on FDS

The smoke detection test in the cargo compartment of transport aircraft is conducted by using a smoke generator to generate simulated smoke. In order to scientifically and reasonably verify the effectiveness of the cargo compartment smoke detection system, research is conducted on the test method of smoke detection in cargo compartment. First, the fire dynamics simulator(FDS) is used to verify the fire smoke numerical model of the cargo compartment fire test conducted by Federal Aviation Administration(FAA); Then, a cargo compartment of a certain type of transport aircraft is used an the model for modeling, and the validated smoke numerical model is used to study the smoke diffusion law of the cargo compartment conditions of different smoke generation positions, ventilated/unventilated cargo compartments, and different environmental pressure of cargo compartment. The results show that the response time of smoke detection system is the lo ngest when the fire source is at the position 8, which is the most severe fire source position. The smoke diffusion in the cargo compartment is greatly affected by the ventilation conditions of the cargo compartment, and the smoke detection system in the ventilated condition is longer than that in the unventilated condition. The lower the ambient pressure of the cargo compartment, which is conducive to smoke diffusion, and the shorter the smoke detection time. Finally, according to the actual cargo compartment smoke detection test conditions, the smoke detection test method of the aircraft cargo compartment is designed from the smoke volume, test conditions, smoke generation equipment, smoke location point selection and other aspects.