铝合金活塞材料的研发与应用进展

活塞作为汽车发动机中传递能量的一个非常重要的构件，对其材料具有特殊的要求：密度小、质量轻、热传导性好、热膨胀系数小；并要求具有足够的耐高温、耐磨和耐蚀性能及尺寸稳定性好的特性．在传统的铸造铝硅活塞合金的成分优化和处理工艺的研究还没有大突破的情况下，科研工作者已经在寻求新的途径提高铸造铝合金的极限强度．通过采用基体增强和新型活塞成型工艺，显著提高了活塞的性能．随着汽车发动机向高速化、大功率方向的发展，新型铸造铝合金活塞复合材料及短周期的压力成型技术的开发应用都将成为一个发展趋势．

Reviews of Research Aluminum Alloys and Application on Piston Material

As one of the important components of automobile engine, a piston has its special requirements for mechanical properties： not only smaller density, lighter weight, better thermal conductivity and lower thermal expansion coefficient, but also high strength at a high temperature, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, and good size stability. Considering no breakthrough in the process of optimization and treatment of traditional casting A1-Si alloy, more and more researchers are seeking new ways to improve ultimate strength. For example, by the means of enhance matrix and new piston molding processes, the performances of the mechanical properties of pistons can be improved obviously. Additionally, with current engines calling for super-speed and high-power, the development of updated casting aluminum alloy material for pistons must be popular, whose application should be a tendency.