快速城市化过程中城镇用地与农业用地的景观斑块特征研究--以深圳市为例

以快速城市化地区——深圳市为例，使用景观格局的研究方法，在斑块水平上，通过计算景观单元特征指数，包括斑块数、斑块面积等指标，以及不同景观组分的面积谱和斑块形状指数，对快速城市化地区的城镇用地、耕地、林地、园地等主要用地类型的斑块特征在时间和空间上的变化进行了研究．结果表明，在快速城市化过程中，城镇用地在空间上向着大面积、高度聚集，在斑块形状上向着规则化的方向发展；耕地与之相反，由原来的聚集分布转为破碎化分布，斑块形状不规则化明显；林地由于其在空间分布上与耕地(城市化前期)、城镇用地(城市化水平较高时期)存在着明显的分异规律，林地主要分布在海拔较高的区域，因此其无论是在空间分布上的聚集性，还是在斑块形状的规则性方面，受城镇用地迅速扩张的影响较小，均维持在较高水平；而园地作为城市化过程中产生的一类新兴的农业用地，与城镇用地类似，向着在空间上聚集、斑块形状上规则化的方向发展．

A STUDY ON LANDSCAPE PATCH CHARACTERISTICS OF URBAN LAND AND AGRICULTURAL LAND IN RAPID URBANIZATION PROCESS:SHENZHEN CITY AS A CASE STUDY AREA

Shenzhen City is taken up as a case study area to study the change of landscape patch characteristics of urban land and agricultural land including paddy land, forest and orchard using the method of landscape pattern. In rapid urbanization process, urban land has been congregating in spatial pattern, and its patch shape is more and more regular. On the contrary, the distribution of paddy land changes from congregation to fragmentation, and the patch shape changes to be irregular obviously. Due to the distinct distribution in spatial pattern with paddy land (during the beginning of urbanization) and urban land (during the period of high urbanization level), forest distributes in the regions with relative high elevation. The impact of urban land expansion to forest is relative little. Therefore, the congregation and regularity of forest is high. Orchard, as a new class agricultural land in the urbanization process, is similar to urban land undergoing a process of the congregation in spatial pattern and the regularity of patch shape.