Xanthorhodopsin: Proton pump with a carotenoid antenna |
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Authors: | S P Balashov J K Lanyi |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA |
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Abstract: | Retinal proteins function as photoreceptors and ion pumps. Xanthorhodopsin of Salinibacter ruber is a recent addition to this diverse family. Its novel and distinctive feature is a second chromophore, a carotenoid, which
serves as light-harvesting antenna. Here we discuss the properties of this carotenoid/retinal complex most relevant to its
function (such as the specific binding site controlled by the retinal) and its relationship to other retinal proteins (bacteriorhodopsin,
archaerhodopsin, proteorhodopsin and retinal photoreceptors of archaea and eukaryotes). Antenna addition to a retinal protein
has not been observed among the archaea and emerged in bacteria apparently in response to environmental conditions where light-harvesting
becomes a limiting factor in retinal protein functioning.
Received 2 April 2007; received after revision 14 May 2007; accepted 16 May 2007 |
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Keywords: | Light energy transfer salinixanthin proton transport carotenoid binding |
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