土地利用变化对长沙市生态系统服务价值影响

分析了1995—2005年长沙市快速城市化的5城区土地利用/覆盖变化,参照谢高地等人的中国陆地生态系统单位面积生态服务价值表,计算并研究了土地利用变化引起生态系统服务价值的变化以及生态系统服务价值与土地利用结构的关系.结果表明:研究期内,研究区耕地、园地、林地、水域和未利用地减少,耕地减少最多,草地和建设用地增加,建设用地增加最多;研究区内土地利用程度存在明显差异,其中芙蓉区土地利用程度最大,开福区最小;生态系统服务价值由1995年的655.15×106元减少到2005年的589.26×106元,年变化率-1.01%,水域和林地面积减少,建设用地面积大幅度增加是ESV减少的主要原因;研究区单位ESV与林地、水域、建设用地所占比例明显相关,用多元线性回归方程可很好地表示.由此预测2010年长沙市城区的单位ESV将进一步下降,总ESV将减少为541.47×106元.

Effects of Land Use Change on the Ecosystem Service Value in Changsha City

This paper aims to analyzing the land use/cover change and examining their effects on ESV in the rapid urbanization area of Changsha city between 1995 and 2005, and doing some research on the relationship between ESV and land use structure. The methods were based on ESV computing formula and ESV coefficients. The results showed that:From 1995 to 2005, the area of arable land, garden land, woodland, water area and unused land decreased, while rangeland and construction land increased; arable land decreased most and construction land increased most. The percentage of arable land decreased from 23.485% to 17.982% and the proportion of construction land increased from 34.659% to 44.579%.There are obvious differences of land use degree in the city, furong district has the biggest, and Kaifu district has the smallest.The total ESV in the study area decreased from 655.15×10~6 yuan of 1995 to 589.26×10~6 yuan of 2005, with an annual change rate of -1.01%. The reduction of water area and woodland and the dramatic increase of construction land were mainly responsible for the decrease of the ESV.The unit ESV in Changsha city has an obvious relation with the area percentage of woodland, water area and constructive land. It can be modeled with multiple linear regression equation. According to the equation, ESV will decrease to 541.47×10~6 yuan in 2010.