基于MSPA的南京市绿色基础设施网络构建

【目的】针对城市建设空间快速扩张、绿色空间破碎化且逐渐丧失问题,探寻优化城市绿色基础设施体系的有效方法,为市域尺度绿色基础设施体系构建提供科学的依据。【方法】以南京市为研究对象,运用形态学空间格局分析(MSPA)法,以土地利用类型图为基础,识别南京市现有绿色空间中核心区、边缘、孤岛、桥接、环、穿孔、分支等7类重要景观类别。通过斑块面积计算和连通性指数评价,发掘具有生态潜力的绿色基础设施网络中心,并计算最小成本路径生成潜力廊道,结合现有核心区、潜力节点、现有廊道、潜在廊道构建未来南京市绿色基础设施网络体系。【结果】通过MSPA法,识别出南京市绿色基础设施核心面积为538.16 km²,占研究区域总面积的37.57%,其中综合筛选出一级网络中心16个,二级网络中心24个。基于阻力模型构建生态廊道73条,其在长江以南地区分布较密,重要性等级较高,长江以北区域生态廊道数量较少,重要性等级有待提升。【结论】MSPA法具有数据量少、便于可视化等特点,能够为市域尺度绿色基础设施构建提供生态特征较为精确的景观要素识别结果,有效增强绿色基础设施的系统性和结构性。根据南京市绿色基础设施网络构建结果,建议加强南京市域长江以北网络中心和廊道的建设,提高长江以南网络中心和廊道质量,从而提升全市域的生态功能。

Construction of Nanjing green infrastructure network based on MSPA

【Objective】Aiming to address the problems of rapid expansion of urban construction spaces and the gradual loss and fragmentation of green spaces, an effective method for optimizing the urban green infrastructure (UGI) network system is explored to provide a more scientific city-scale reference for green infrastructure (GI) construction.【Method】Taking Nanjing city as an example, using the morphological spatial pattern analysis (MSPA) method, on the basis of the land use map, seven important landscape types are identified in the existing green spaces of Nanjing including cores, edges, islets, bridges, loop, perforation and branch, respectively. Through patch area calculations and connectivity index evaluations, green infrastructure network centers with ecological potential are identified, and the least cost path to generate potential corridors is calculated, combining existing core areas, potential nodes, existing corridors and potential corridors to construct the future green infrastructure network system in Nanjing.【Result】Using the MSPA method, the core area of Nanjing’s green infrastructure is 538.16 km², accounting for 37.57% of the total study area. A total of 16 first-level network centers and 24 second-level network centers were selected. A total of 73 ecological corridors are constructed based on the resistance model, which are densely distributed in the south of the Yangtze River with a higher importance level. There is a small number of ecological corridors in the north of the Yangtze River, and the importance level needs to be improved.【Conclusion】 The MSPA method can provide more accurate identification results of ecological characteristics for the construction of urban green infrastructure, since it has the characteristics of a small amount of data and easy visualization and it effectively enhance the system and structure of green infrastructure. According to the results of the construction of the green infrastructure system in Nanjing, strengthening the construction of network centers and corridors in the north of the Yangtze River is recommended, as well as to improve the quality of network centers and corridors in the south of the Yangtze River to advance the ecological function of the whole city.