浙江省公益林中杉阔混交林群落组成与环境解释

【目的】分析浙江省公益林中对杉阔混交林和阔杉混交林群落组成及其分布影响最为显著的环境因子,为亚热带杉木人工林珍贵化改造和珍贵树种保护提供合理的科学依据。【方法】采用双向指示种分析(TWINSPAN)和典范对应分析(CCA)方法,针对分布于浙江省的427个杉阔混交林和阔杉混交林样地进行物种组成及群落结构分析。【结果】杉阔混交林可划分为5类群丛,阔杉混交林可划分为6类群丛。在杉阔混交林的5类群丛中与杉木伴生的树种主要为青冈(Quercus glauca)、木荷(Schima superba)、马尾松(Pinus massoniana)和黄山松(Pinus taiwanensis)等;土壤厚度、坡向和坡度等是影响杉阔混交林群丛分布的主要环境因子。在阔杉混交林的6类群丛中,与杉木伴生的树种分别为马尾松、板栗(Castanea mollissima)、青冈、木荷、毛竹(Phyllostachys edulis)等;林龄、坡度和海拔等因素是影响阔杉混交林群落分布的主要环境因子。在杉阔混交林中,小叶青冈(Cyclobalanopsis myrsinifolia)、红楠(Machilus thunbergii)、鹅掌楸(Liriodendron chinense)、甜槠(Castanopsis eyrei)和光皮桦(Betula luminifera)等珍贵树种与杉木对生境的选择较为接近;在阔杉混交林中,甜槠、天竺桂(Cinnamomum japonicum)、小叶青冈、柳杉(Cryptomeria japonica)、苦槠(Castanopsis sclerophylla)和青冈等珍贵阔叶树种与杉木对环境的选择较为接近。【结论】选择与杉木生境接近的伴生珍贵阔叶树种进行补植改造,可以有效提高造林成活率,有利于促进杉木人工林阔叶化进程。

Community compositions and environmental interpretation of mixed forests of Chinese fir and broad leaved trees in the non-commercial forests of Zhejiang Province

【Objective】This study analyzed the composition and distribution pattern of the main environmental factors affecting Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) broad-leaved mixed forests and broad-leaved Chinese fir mixed forests in the non-commercial forests of Zhejiang Province. Our results could provide a practical scientific basis for the transformation of Chinese fir broad-leaved mixed forests and the protection of rare species in subtropical areas. This study is of great significance for improving the quality of non-commercial ecological forests of Zhejiang Province. 【Method】In this study, two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN) and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) were used to analyze the species composition and community structure of 427 plots of Zhejiang Province. 【Result】The Chinese fir broad-leaved mixed forest could be divided into five clusters, and the broad-leaved Chinese fir mixed forest could be divided into six clusters. Among the five clusters of Chinese fir broad-leaved mixed forests, the tree species associated with Chinese fir were mainly Quercus glauca, Schima superba, Pinus massoniana, and Pinus taiwaneasis, and the main environmental factors were soil thickness, slope aspects, and slopes which affected the distribution of the mixed forest of Chinese fir broad-leaved forests. Among the six types of communities in the broad-leaved Chinese fir forests, the tree species associated with Chinese fir were P. massoniana, Castanea mollissima, Q. glauca, S. superba, and P. edulis, and the main environmental factors were forest age, slopes, and altitudes which affected the distribution of the broad-leaved Chinese fir mixed forest communities. In the mixed Chinese fir broad-leaved forests, rare species such as Cyclobalanopsis myrsinifolia, Machilus thunbergii, Liriodendron chinense, Castanopsis eyrei, and Betula luminifera tended to occur in the habitats more suited to Chinese fir. In addition, the environmental selection characteristics of rare broad-leaved species such as Cryptomeria; aponica, Castanopsis sclerophylla, and Q. glauca are close to that of Chinese fir. 【Conclusion】 Selecting the associated rare broad-leaved tree species whose habitat was close to that of Chinese fir for replanting, may effectively improve the survival rate of afforestation and promote the process of succession of Chinese fir plantations.