三值光学处理器的数据位管理理论和技术

数据位众多是三值光学计算机的突出特点之一，如何有效地管理众多的数据位成为计算机科学领域的新课题．本文通过继承、更新、增补、归纳和梳理相关的研究成果，形成了比较系统的数据位管理理论和技术架构．这个框架包括下列概念和技术：1）数据位管理基本单位“算位”和“算道”，算位用于标记简单数据类型的数据位，算道用于标记复合数据类型的数据位．2）“计算量指标”用于标示一个任务的计算量规模，对大规模、中规模和小规模的任务、系统将采取不同的管理策略．3）“数据位物理形态”指出在数据传送的各个阶段数据位所占用的具体器件．4）“坏位替换”技术实现了用预留的冗余数据位及时替换失效的数据位，依靠这项技术，三值光学计算机具有对数据位软硬件故障的容错能力．5）“整体重构”技术采用定时重构所有数据位的策略，显著减少了重构过程对计算过程的打断次数．6）“数据位分配技术”将对不同规模的任务采用各不相同的规划策略．另外，文中还讨论了用这个理论指导设计三值光学计算机第三个实验系统（SDll）硬件的情况．SDll的设计目标是为探索如何应用三值光学计算机提供实验平台．SDll的光学处理器基本模块有1024个数据位，还有128个冗余数据位，而一个光学处理器可以包含16个基本模块，所以，一个SDll最多可以有16384个数据位，并有2048个冗余数据位．

Management of many data bits in ternary optical computers

Numerous data bits manage these data bits is a new and technical framework through is one outstanding feature of ternary optical computers. How to effectively topic in computer science. This paper forms a data bits management theory inheriting, updating, supplementing, and searching the research achievementsin this field. The framework includes the following basic concepts and techniques. 1） ＂Calculating path＂ and ＂calculating channel＂ are the units of data bit management. The calculating path is used for simple data types and the channel for composite data types. 2） ＂Index of calculation amount＂ categorizes the scale of a task. Large, medium and small scale tasks will be managed with different strategies. 3） ＂Physical forms of data bits＂ identifies the devices occupied by data bits in each link of a data transmission. 4） A technique of ＂replacing an effectively lost data bit＂ will replace all disabled data bits with reserved redundancy data [）its in a timely nmnner. Incidentally, the ternary optical computer has tolerant capability for software and hardware faults in data bits. 5） ＂Overall reconfiguring＂ reduces the number of reconfiguring actions that interrupt computing, by reconfiguring all the data [）its at regular times. 6） ＂Data bits distribution technique＂ will employ different schemes for each scale task when distributing data bits. This paper also records the guidelines in the theory for designing a third generation experimental system for a ternary optical computer, named the SDll. The design goal of this experimental system is to research the applications of ternary optical computers. In SDll, a fundamental unit of the optical processor has 1024 data bits and 128 redundant bits, and one optical processor can possess 16 fundamental units in all. Thus, at most, one SDll can have 16384 data bits and 2048 redundancy bits.