空调客车内气流分布的人体热舒适性研究

采用k-ε湍流模型和贴体坐标,应用整体求解法计算车室内气固耦合传热问题,应用Monte Carlo法分析计算太阳辐射在车室内固体表面引起的附加热流变化,研究空调客车室内空气流动速度和温度分布规律及热舒适评价指标(Predicted mean vote-predicted percentage of dissatisfied, 即VP和PD)分布状况.研究结果表明:靠窗侧座椅区VP绝对值较小,但PD较大,有吹冷风感, 从热舒适性出发,空调送风速度不应大于2 m/s;车室内靠走廊座椅区和走廊区的VP的绝对值小于0.5,而PD小于10%,能满足大部分乘客的热舒适性要求;车厢前部区域温度偏高,对人体热舒适不利.

Thermal comfort based on air distribution in air-conditioning vehicle

Using body fitted coordinate and k-ε turbulence model, the indoor air/solids fluid flow and heat transfer conjugated problems were resolved with the method. The effect of solar radiation was taken into accout by means of the Monte Carlo method and this auxiliary heat flow on the faces of the indoor solids is the source term of the energy equation. The airflow field and temperature field in the chamber were numerically simulated. The results indicate that V_P (Predicted mean vote) index in window seat zone is a little smaller and P_D (Predicted percentage of dissatisfied) index is a little larger, passengers feel a cold bit. The absolute value of V_P index in the aisle and aisle seat zone is less than 0.5, P_D index is less than 10%, which can agree with passenger's thermal comfort. The temperature around the front of vehicle is higher than that of other zones, which hurts passenger's thermal comfort.