太空制造技术发展现状与展望

太空制造技术被世界各航天强国公认为是人类提升地外活动能力、开展深空探索任务的战略性关键技术之一,因而其也已成为世界主要航天强国最活跃的科学与应用前沿之一.空间站运营、月球基地建设、深空探测等任务对太空制造技术提出了更多的需求和更高的要求.特别是太空特有的长时微重力、强辐照、高真空等环境特点给太空制造技术带来了新的科学和工程问题.同时,太空任务中的特殊应用场景对制造精度、制造装置的功耗和尺寸及智能化等提出的要求也面临着技术挑战.本文概述了国内外太空制造的主要技术研究进展,着重介绍了基于高分子材料、复合材料、金属、陶瓷、生物等材料的太空制造技术发展,讨论了未来太空制造技术的几个主要方向和趋势,为我国太空制造技术领域的发展提供参考.

Review of space manufacturing technique and developments

Space manufacturing is recognized as one of the key technologies for enhancing human’s extraterrestrial activities and carrying out deep-space exploration missions. Therefore, it has become the frontier of scientific and application research.Compared to conventional manufacturing on the Earth, there are higher requirements and more demands for space manufacturing owing to the proposed missions such as space station operation, lunar base construction, and deep-space exploration. Specifically, the characteristics of environment, including long-term microgravity, strong irradiation, and high vacuum in space, create new challenges for space manufacturing. In addition, there are other technical challenges in the manufacturing accuracy, power consumption, size of manufacturing devices, and intelligence production to adapt to specific application scenarios in space missions. This paper summarizes the research progress on the main technologies in space manufacturing in the world, focuses on the development of space manufacturing on the basis of polymeric,metallic, ceramic, composite, and biomaterials, and discusses several future main directions and trends of space manufacturing to provide a reference for the development of China’s space manufacturing technology.