运动员伸膝功率及其专项特征

本文通过对北京体院116名男生在惯性负荷下的伸膝力、功及功率的测试,分析了其专项特征。结果表明:1)在静态力量与功率输出的关系上存在着不同的“专项特征”,例如短跑运动员与足球运动员的静力值与功率值之间的相关系数在四种负荷条件下都有显著意义,而长跑运动员则只在最大的负荷下表现出静力与功率的显著相关。2)除了肌纤维结构因素之外,还存在着某种神经肌肉调节(动力定型)机制影响着受试者的动作效果。例如足球运动员在本文测试的所有场合都表现出最优的动作效果。

STRENGTH, POWER AND EVENT CHARACTERISTICS IN KNEE EXTENSION MOVEMENT AMONG ATHLETES

The subjects were male students of Peking Institute of Physical Culture (116 in number). They specialized in various events including sprint, distance-running, high jupping, throwing, football and weight-lifting, also non-athlete students. The subject performed the knee extension movement (thigh fixed) to pull a inertia whell. Equivallent mass of the loads used were 625, 100, 27.7kg and 16kg. The results showed: 1) Relations between static strength and power out-put exhibited different "Event Characteristics", for example, both sprinter and footballer showd significant co-relations between static stength and power under all of the four inertia loads, but the distance runners showed a significant co-relation at the heavist load only. 2) There must be a neuromuscular conditioning (Dynamic formation) mechanism affecting the performance concurrent with the influence of muscle fiber composition. For example, the football group gained excellent performances in all situations of this experiment.