广西海岸带互花米草入侵时空动态遥感监测研究

为全面了解和分析外来入侵物种互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)在广西海岸带的时空分布特征与扩散趋势，应用遥感与GIS技术手段，基于多源多时序高分辨率遥感影像对广西海岸带互花米草进行时空动态监测，并结合历史调查资料进行分析。结果表明：2001、2008、2010、2013、2016、2019年广西海岸带互花米草面积分别为46.90、204.05、331.23、608.75、776.99、1 320.79 hm²；2001-2019年，互花米草面积增加了1 273.89 hm²,年均增长率为20.38%。2019年，北海市海岸带互花米草总面积为1 317.06 hm²，占广西互花米草总面积的99.72%；钦州市互花米草面积为3.68 hm²；互花米草已入侵防城港市,面积约为0.05 hm²。丹兜海、铁山港湾、廉州湾及北海银滩至营盘镇近岸滩涂是互花米草集中扩张区，且仍处于快速增长阶段；防城港市企沙半岛东侧近岸滩涂及北海市涠洲岛均已出现互花米草零星斑块；广西山口红树林生态国家级自然保护区内互花米草扩散有所减缓，而广西合浦儒艮国家级自然保护区内仍处于增长阶段。广西海岸带互花米草入侵仍处于快速扩张状态，且呈由东往西扩散的趋势。本研究可为广西海岸带互花米草治理提供基础数据和理论指导，对湿地保护、管理和可持续发展具有重要意义。

Study on Spatio-temporal Dynamic Remote Sensing Monitoring of Spartina alterniflora Invasion in Guangxi Coastal Zone

In order to fully understand and analyze the spatio-temporal distribution characteristics and diffusion trend of the invasive alien species Spartina alterniflora in the coastal zone of Guangxi,remote sensing and GIS techniques were used to monitor the spatial and temporal dynamics of S.alterniflora in the coastal zone of Guangxi based on multi-source and multi-temporal high-resolution remote sensing images,and the historical survey data were analyzed.The results showed that the area of S.alterniflora in Guangxi coastal zone in 2001,2008,2010,2013,2016 and 2019 were 46.90,204.05,331.23,608.75,776.99 and 1 320.79 hm²,respectively.From 2001 to 2019,the area of S.alterniflora increased by 1 273.89 hm²,with an average annual growth rate of 20.38%.In 2019,the total area of S.alterniflora in the coastal zone of Beihai City was 1 317.06 hm²,accounting for 99.72% of the total area of S.alterniflora in Guangxi Guangxi.The area of S.alterniflora in Qinzhou City was 3.68 hm².S.alterniflora has invaded Fangchenggang City,with an area of about 0.05 hm².Dandou Sea,Tieshan Bay,Lianzhou Bay and Beihai Silver Beach to Yingpan Town nearshore tidal flats are concentrated expansion areas of S.alterniflora,which are still in the stage of rapid increase.Scattered patches of S.alterniflora have appeared in the coastal tidal flats on the east side of Qisha Peninsula in Fangchenggang City and Weizhou Island in Beihai City.The diffusion of S.alterniflora Guangxi Shankou Mangrove National Nature Reserve has slowed down,while it is still in the increase stage in Hepu Dugong National Nature Reserve of Guangxi.The invasion of S.alterniflora in Guangxi coastal zone is still in a state of rapid expansion and shows a trend of spreading from east to west.This study can provide basic data and theoretical guidance for the management of S.alterniflora in the coastal zone of Guangxi,and is of great significance for wetland protection,management and sustainable development.