数量折扣与联合采购战略价值分析

针对一个供应商与两个同质制造商组成的供应链，讨论固定需求下的制造商联合采购与供应商数量折扣问题，分析供应商数量折扣对制造商联合采购动力的影响。结果表明，只要制造商联合采购协调成本较小，制造商便具有联合采购动力。当供应商预期制造商独立采购而设计最优数量折扣方案时，在此数量折扣方案下，制造商的联合采购动力不一定会增强，但只要制造商联合采购协调成本较小，制造商仍具有联合采购动力；且存在联合采购协调成本临界值，当联合采购协调成本小于该临界值时，制造商联合采购将同时增加制造商与供应商的利润。

A Study of Quantity Discount and Combine Order

In a supply chain consisting of one supplier and two manufacturers, we discuss manufacturers' combine orders and the supplier's quantity discount when demand is constant and deterministic, and analyze the effect of the supplier's (quantity) discount on the motive of manufacturers' combine orders. The conclusion shows: if the manufacturers' combine (order) coordination cost is low, manufacturers have the motive to place a combined order. When the supplier offer quantity (discount) under anticipates manufacturers will independence order and, the motive of manufacturers' combine orders may not be strengthened under the quantity discount, however, as long as the manufacturers' combine order coordination cost is low, manufacturers still have motive of combine orders, moreover, there exists a critical coordination cost of combine (orders,) if combine order coordination cost is lower than the critical cost, then manufacturers combine order will (simultaneously) increase the profits of manufacturers and the supplier.