汉日合成词构词方式的比较分析

运用比较法,通过分类举例、对比分析,发现汉、日语合成词都包含重叠式、派生式和复合式三种构词法,且三种构词法皆有异同。从重叠式构词法来看,两者构成的词类都较为多样,但汉语构词方式多样,而日语较为单一;从派生式构词法来看,两者分类一致且都有不少后缀具有改变词根词性的功能,但日语的前缀和后缀较为多样,汉语有些前缀可以起到改变词根词性的作用,而日语没有;从复合式构词法来看,两者都以此构词方式为主,且都可根据词根语素之间的语法关系进行分类,但日语复合词的构成较为复杂,其词性一般由后一个词来决定,且有时会出现语音或语调的变化,而汉语则不然。

A Comparative Study of Chinese and Japanese Compound Word Formation

The paper summarizes the similarities and differences of Chinese and Japanese compound word formation by classification,examples and comparative analysis.Both Chinese and Japanese compound words contain three word-building methods of overlapping,derivation and combination.And all the three methods have their similarities and differences.Take overlapping compound words.Both allow various parts of speech,but Chinese word formation is more diverse than Japanese.Take derived words.Both share the same categories and both have suffixes that can change the parts of speech of the roots.But Japanese prefixes and suffixes are more diversified.Some Chinese prefixes can change the parts of speech of the roots,but Japanese can not.Take the compound words.Both are based on this word-building method and can be classified by the grammatical relation between roots and morphemes.But Japanese compounds words are more complicated,whose parts of speech is decided by the words followed and sometimes the voice or the tone will change,while it doesn＇t apply to Chinese compound words.