趋向动词的语法化机制

现代汉语趋向动词是一个特殊的类 ,其特殊性在于它可以放在谓语动词后做补语 ,文章对趋向动词进行了考察 ,把它们分为两大类 ,三小类。认为 ,补语位置为趋向动词的语法化提供了一个优选位置 ,在这一位置上不同类型的趋向动词表现出不同的语法化进程。这一进程与谓语动词后体词性成分做为趋向动词论元载体有关。A类单音节趋向动词保存了较多的动词功能 ;双音节趋向动词的语法化进程因论元载体身份角色不同而有变化 ,表现出一定的条件性 ;B类双音节趋向动词在语法化进程中走得最快 ,与此相联系 ,我们根据动词与体词性成分语义联系的特点建立了体词性成分前移测试框架 ,使上述结论可以在形式方面得到更多的支持 ,更具可操作性 ,从而建立了趋向动词语的语法化系列。

Grammaticalization of Directional Verbs

The directional verbs are a special kind of words in Modern Chinese. The particularity lies in their function of complement when they are used behind the predicate verb. The author observes and studies the directional verbs in the place of complement and states that the places of complement provide the best situation for directional verbs to grammaticalize. In the situation directional verbs manifest different grammatical processes related to the valence of NP. Two kinds of them are concerned here: single-syllable directional verb and double-syllable directional verb. Based on these, a test frame of front transfer is set up to make the grammatical processes more operative and serial.