《夏小正》星象年代研究

《夏小正》是中国最早的一部星象物修历,也是流传至今的最早的一部完整的天文学文献。文章将该历按月给出的１７个星象分为昏旦南中,伏见和星座指出３个部分其使用年,结论是：《夏小正》中各星象的年代是一致的,该历普被用于周代,其起源可以上推至夏代,但确认后者还需要其它方面的证据。

RESEARCH ON THE ADOPTION YEARS OF XIA XIAO ZHENG

Xia Xiao Zheng ,the earliest extant Chinese calendar,determines the months by observing star positions and by phenology.Scholars have different opinions on the time of its use .The purpose of this paper is to calculate the adopting years of Xia Xiao Zheng according to the astronomical phenomena recorded in it.The 17 star positions which appeared in twilight of the months are divided into 3 parts:the first part concerns stars passing through the meridian,the second part deals with stars appearing in the morning or disappearing in the evening,and the third part is about the directions of constellations.After calculating the average time from the first part on the principle of precession,the second and the third parts are analyzed,and since these two latter parts are match to the average time mentioned above,it may be concluded that all the astronomical phenomena in the Xia Xiao Zheng could be seen in the same time,and the calendar could be used from Xia (about 2000 BC) to Zhou(about 1000 BC) .But more evidences are needed if we want to conform that Xia Xiao Zheng originated from the Xia Dynasty.