基于卫星跟踪的钳嘴鹳家域研究

【目的】钳嘴鹳(Anastomus oscitans)是近年来在国内出现的新分布种,也是高致病性禽流感病毒H5N1的宿主。掌握钳嘴鹳空间活动分布及变化规律,揭示其与家禽养殖区的空间关系,为家禽管理和禽流感防控提供依据。【方法】2016—2018年,在云南蒙自捕捉11只钳嘴鹳并为其佩戴了卫星跟踪器,采用动态布朗桥模型对其中5只符合数据分析要求的钳嘴鹳进行了家域计算,并在ArcGIS中通过叠加分析探究钳嘴鹳家域和养鸭场的空间关系。【结果】①钳嘴鹳的家域主要位于长桥海和大屯海两个湖泊周边区域,核心区域(核域)主要集中于长桥海的南部和东南部以及大屯海的南部和西北部区域;②钳嘴鹳(n=5)年平均家域和核域面积分别为(45.65±17.57)km²和(1.98±1.19)km²,核域仅占家域面积的4.34%;③家域和核域面积在个体间差异均较大,年家域面积最大为70.93 km²,最小仅为22.16 km²;年核域面积最大为3.67 km²,最小为0.51 km²;④单因素方差分析表明,钳嘴鹳家域面积季节间差异性不显著(F=2.607,df=3,P>0.05);核域亦不存在显著季节性差异(F=1.832,df=3,P>0.05),但夏季明显大于其他季节;⑤所有养鸭场均分布于钳嘴鹳家域范围内,有3处养鸭场和钳嘴鹳的核域在空间上高度重合,表明在研究区域内存在极大的禽流感传播风险。【结论】建议当地养殖方式由开放式放养转为封闭式圈养。今后应加强钳嘴鹳的种群监测工作,系统开展钳嘴鹳卫星跟踪研究,从而全面了解国内钳嘴鹳的分布和扩散动态,提高禽流感防控能力。

Home ranges of Asian openbill(Anastomus oscitans) determined using satellite tracking

【Objective】Anastomus oscitans is a newly recorded bird species in China. It is also a host for the highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype H5N1. Understanding the spatial distribution and variation patterns of A. oscitans and elucidating its spatial relationship with poultry farms are important for the poultry management and avian influenza control and prevention.【Method】From 2016 to 2018, 11 A. oscitans were captured and fitted using satellite tracking devices in Mengzi, Yunnan. The dynamic Brownian bridge movement model was used to calculate the home ranges of five A. oscitans that met the data analysis requirements. The spatial relationship between home ranges and duck farms was explored using the overlay analysis in ArcGIS.【Result】The home ranges of A. oscitans were mainly located in the areas around Changqiao and Datun Lakes; the core areas were mainly concentrated in south and southeast of Changqiao Lake, and south and northwest of Datun Lake. The average annual home ranges and the core area of A. oscitans (n=5) were (45.65±17.57) km² and (1.98±1.19) km², respectively; the core area only accounted for 4.34% of the home ranges. The home ranges and core areas varied greatly among the individuals. The largest annual home range was 70.93 km², whereas the smallest was 22.16 km². The largest annual core area was 3.67 km², whereas the smallest was 0.51 km². One-way ANOVA showed no significant seasonal difference in the A. oscitans(n=5) home ranges (F=2.607, df=3, P>0.05). The core areas also showed no significant seasonal difference (F=1.832, df=3, P>0.05). However, the core areas in summer were significantly larger than those in the other seasons. All duck farms were distri-buted within the A. oscitans home ranges, and three duck farms highly overlapped with the core areas. This indicates a high risk of avian influenza transmission.【Conclusion】We recommend that the local duck farming mode be changed from being free to captive. The population monitoring and satellite tracking of A. oscitans should be reinforced to completely understand its distribution and expansion dynamics in China and improve the prevention and control of avian influenza.