嗜蜡菌的筛选及其对稠油流变性的影响

由于黏度大、流动性差等，稠油开发和集输面临较大的困难，而利用微生物改善稠油的性能比业界的传统做法更为经济、环保。从辽河油田活性污泥中筛选出一株嗜蜡菌（ZL 7），优化出其最佳培养温度为45 ℃，培养周期为7 d；含菌体的富集培养液（菌悬液）处理稠油7 d后，对稠油有较明显的降黏、除蜡的作用；利用聚焦光束反射测量仪（FBRM）监测稠油的粒径长度分布（CLD）与粒径分布（DDD），发现稠油小粒径所占比率上升，大粒径所占比率下降，粒径平均值较之前有所下降，有利于稠油乳状液的制备及分离。

The Selection of Paraffin-degrading Bacteria and Their Effects upon the Rheological Characteristics of Heavy Crude Oil

The extraction of heavy crude oil presents challenges due to the high viscosity and immobility of the emulsions. Microbes may offer a more economical and environmentally friendly alternative to conventional methods for improving the rheological characteristics of heavy crude oil. A strain of paraffin-degrading bacteria (ZL-7) was screened from activated sludge collected from the Liaohe Oilfield. It was found that the optimal cultivation conditions occurred during a culture period of seven days at 45 ℃. The treatment of heavy crude oil using bacteria-containing enriched culture media (i.e., a bacterial suspension) for seven days resulted in a pronounced reduction of viscosity and paraffin content. Focused beam reflectance measurements were used to monitor the chord length distribution and droplet diameter distribution of the heavy crude oil during treatment. After treatment, it was found that the percentage of small and large diameter droplets had increased and decreased, respectively. This shows that the average diameter of the crude oil droplets decreased after treatment, which is beneficial to the preparation and isolation of heavy crude oil emulsions.