我国药用价值地方鸡种的遗传多样性研究

通过选用30个多态性较好的微卫星标记,检测了9个药用价值地方鸡品种:郧阳白羽乌鸡、乌蒙乌骨鸡、盐津乌骨鸡、腾冲雪鸡、余干乌骨鸡、兴文乌骨鸡、石棉草科鸡、沐川乌骨鸡、泸宁鸡的遗传多样性。利用等位基因频率计算各群体平均遗传杂合度(H)、多态信息含量(PIC)和群体间的遗传距离(Ds)。结果表明:30个微卫星位点中有24个微卫星位点在9个鸡群体中PIC均为高度多态,可作为有效遗传标记用于各鸡品种的遗传多样性和系统发生关系的分析。在9个品种中,杂合度最低的是郧阳白羽乌鸡,为0.640;杂合度最高的是腾冲雪鸡,为0.690。因此药用价值地方品种鸡的H都偏高,据分析可能是这些药用价值地方品种鸡都产于交通闭塞的山区,形成了家禽品种的多种多型,而且杂合度的高低与PIC值的大小体现了较高的一致性;对Ds的计算表明:体格较大的泸宁鸡与萁它品种距离较远;用UPGMA法进行聚类分析,结果9个鸡品种被聚为3类:郧阳白羽乌鸡、沐川乌骨鸡、盐津乌骨鸡和腾冲雪鸡聚为一类;余干乌骨鸡、兴文乌骨鸡、乌蒙乌骨鸡和石棉草科鸡聚为一类;泸宁鸡独自聚为一类。这与几个鸡品种的来源、分化、选育历史及地理分布是一致的。

Study on the Genetic Diversity of Chinese Officinal Indigenous Chicken Breeds

The genetic diversity of nine officinal indigenous chicken breeds were studied by using 30 microsatellites makers.The allele frequencies,heterozygosity(H),polymorphism information content(PIC) and Ds genetic distance were calculated.The results showed that 24 of 30 microsatellite sites were high polymorphic,so the 24 microsatellite markers were effective markers for analysis of genetic relationship among geese breeds.The mean heterozygosity of Yunyang white-feather chicken was the lowest(0.640),and the Tengchong Snow was the highest(0.690).The mean heterozygosity of 9 chicken breeds were more than 0.5,the reason of which maybe the traffic obstruction.The order of the heterozygosity is consistent with that of PIC.The Ds genetic distance between Luning and the others was larger;The nine officinal indigenous chicken breeds were clustered into 3 groups.Yunyang silky,Muchuan silky,Tengchong Snow and Yanjin silky were grouped firstly,Yugan silky,Xingwen silky,Wumeng silky and Shimian Caoke were in the second group,Luning was grouped separately.These results were accordant with its origination,breeding history,geographical distribution.