直接植被法在尾矿废弃地复垦中的应用

随着矿产资源的大量开发和冶金工业的迅速发展,矿业废弃地与日俱增,它不仅侵占大量土地,覆盖原有植被,破坏生态系统,还带来了严重的土壤污染、水污染和大气污染.对其进行生态恢复,国内外已早有研究.本文根据近年来关于尾矿废弃地复垦的研究成果,综合论述了直接植被法在尾矿废弃地复垦中的应用,探讨了尾矿废弃地影响植物定居的主要限制因子、尾矿的基质改良措施、复垦中耐性物种和超富集植物的选择及栽培管理措施等.最后为直接植被法的有效应用,提出了结合综合生态工程、共生微生物和基因工程等同时进行复垦的尝试,为矿业废弃地的复垦工作提供理论依据和实践经验.

APPLICATION OF DIRECT-PLANTATION IN THE RECLAMATION OF MINING WASTELAND

With the exploitation of miniral resources and development of metallurgy industry,more and more mining wastelands come into being, which occupied a lot of lands, covered their original vegetations, destroyed the ecosystems, and caused serious soil pollution, water pollution and air pollution. So ecological reclamation of mining wasteland had been studied for many years by foreign and Chinese scholars. Based on the previous researches on the reclamation of mining wasteland in past years,the paper reviewed the applications of direct - plantation on reclamation of mining wasteland. Several aspects concerning with the plantation and reclamation were explored, such as main limited factors of vegetation inhabitation on mining wasteland, measures of improving soil, selection of reclamation plant species and ways of cultivation and management. Some other related biological and technological items were also discussed, such as applications of comprehensive ecological-engineering, symbiotic microorganism and gene engineering,which would provide theory basis and practical experience for reclamation on mining wasteland.