三江源自然保护区鼠害类型、现状和防治策略

通过座谈、访问和实地考察等形式,对三江源自然保护区的鼠害现状进行了调查,并对鼠害发生的原因进行了分析,提出了三江源自然保护区鼠害治理的原则和方法.三江源地区共分布有啮齿动物31种,其中危害较为严重的是黑唇鼠兔和高原鼢鼠;三江源地区鼠害的主要原因是过度放牧,其次与全球气温变化、天敌的减少、不当灭鼠方式等因素有关.采取以生态防治为主的生态管理措施是进行三江源自然保护区鼠害治理的最佳途径.

Sanjiangyuan Reserve''s rodent pests, their damage to frigid meadows and the control strategies

We investigated rodent pest types and their damage to frigid meadows of Sanjiangyuan Reserve through interview and an on the spot investigation in July of 2001. Based on the obtained information we analyzed the factors resulting in the rodent pest out of control, and discussed the strategies to pest management. There were 31 species of small mammals including Largomorpha and Rodentia in the reserve, of which Ochotona curzoniae and Myospalax baileyi were the main pests. The occurrence of rodent pest might be assembled as six groups, namely pika , myospalax, vole, pika together with myospalax, pika together with vole, pika together with myospalax and vole. Pika and myospalax often did a lot of damage to the much more grazed pastures. After the pika damage, myospalax one occurred. There were a largest area of rodent pests occurred in the headstream of Yellow River and the damage was hugest. The rodent damage resulted mainly from over grazed, partly from global change, loss of natural enemy and inappropriate pest control measurement. Of the pest control measurements, ecologically based one would be the best one in Sangjiangyuan Reserve.