舟山渔场官山附近海域春秋季虾类群落结构特征的研究

根据2012年5月(春季)和10月(秋季)在舟山渔场官山附近海域开展渔业资源调查所获得的虾类资料,分析了该海域的虾类种类组成、数量时空分布,生物多样性等群落结构特征。结果表明:该海域春、秋两季共捕获并鉴定出虾类14种,隶属于7科、9属,其中春季为11种,秋季为12种:春季优势种有安氏白虾、中国毛虾和细鳌虾等3种;秋季优势种有安氏白虾和中国毛虾等2种。根据虾类的生态习性分析得知:分布在该海域的虾类可分成两种生态类群,以广温低盐性种类为主(如安氏白虾、细螯虾),广温广盐性种类为辅(如太平洋长臂虾和细指长臂虾。多样性分析表明:丰富度指数(D)和多样性指数(H′)较高的站位主要分布在长涂西南侧海域和官山南侧海域,均匀性指数(J′)则在整个调查海域较为均匀。运用聚类和多维标度对群落结构的相似性进行分析,结合温度和盐度等环境因子对调查海域虾类的群聚特征进行了研究,表明该调查海域虾类群落结构具有季节变化明显、空间分异显著的特征。

Shrimp Community Structure Research in the Guanshan Sea in Zhoushan Fishing Ground

Guanshan area is located in the middle of Zhoushan Archipelago, it lies between Zhoushan Island and Daishan Island, and belongs to the famous Zhoushan fishing ground. The unique environment and various species lead to abundant fishery resources. Therefore, there were many economic species founded. While, with decline of traditional fishery, shrimp has become one of significant fishing target species. The ecological community structure of shrimp is closed to the marine environment. Therefore, this research took a good example for the study about community dynamic of coastal shrimp resources in China. Meanwhile, this research provided basis data for the effect on shrimp community structure and sustainable exploit of shrimp in Zhoushan fishing ground. Based on the data collected by shrimp beam trawlers survey in the Zhoushan Guanshan engineer area in the May and October, 2012, the spatial variation of shrimp species composition, Index of relation importance（IRI）, richness and the community structures diversity and similar characteristics were analyzed. In this research, 14 species of shrimp were found, which belonged to 7 family under 9 genera. There were 11 species in spring, while, in autumn, there were 12 species. According to the standard of IRI（the species with IRI above 1 000 is regarded as dominant species in this paper）, three dominant species were listed in spring Exopalacmon annandalei, Acetes chinensis, Leptochela gracilis; Two dominant species were listed in spring E. annandalei, A. chinensis. A eurythermal and hyposaline community was main, and a eurythermal and eurysaline was minor in the survey area. The diversity of shrimp community in the survey area was indicated by 3 factors Margalef index（D）, Shannon-Wienner index（H′） and Pielou′s evenness index（J′）. The stations with high Margalef index（D） and Shannon-Wienner index（H′） were mainly located in the southwest of the Changtu town and south of Guanshan town, whereas the Pielou′s evenness index（J′） was stable