湘西汞矿带苔藓植物生态分布特征

湘西汞矿带是中国大型-特大型汞矿床的主要分布带之一。经野外调查和室内鉴定,发现湘西汞矿带不同矿区(新晃、茶田、东坪汞矿区)、不同污染源(废渣、废石、废洞、冶炼废址、废渣堆积处溪流瀑布)共分布苔藓植物17科41属106种,占优势的科是丛藓科(42.5%)和真藓科(19.8%)。苔藓植物生活型有3种:丛集型占81.13%、交织型占16.04%、平铺型占2.83%。该汞矿带上不同矿区苔藓植物物种丰富度差异明显,相似性较低。不同污染源苔藓植物物种丰富度变化较大,废渣上丰富度很低,污染最大。结果揭示了苔藓植物在湘西汞矿带不同污染源的分布规律。短叶小石藓Weisia semipallida C.Muell.、双色真藓Bryum dichotomum Hedw.、银叶真藓B.argenteum Hedw.、卵蒴真藓B.blindii B.S.G.和南亚小曲尾藓Dicranella coarctata(C.Muell)Boesch etLac.,在该汞矿带不同污染源上分布广泛,可作为进一步环境监测的良好材料。

Ecological distribution of bryophytes from mercury mine belt in western Hunan Province

Mercury mine belt of western Hunan Province is one of large mercury deposit distributed zones in China.Bryophytes were investigated in different mercury mine areas(Xinhuang,Chatian and Dongping) and different mercury contaminated sources(slags,abandon ores,mine caves,smelting sites and small waterfalls around the slag) in the mercury belt of western Hunan Province.106 species belong to 41 genera of 17 families were found.Pottiaceae(42.5%) and Bryaceae(19.8%) were dominant families.The life-forms of the bryophytes had three types: 81.13% of which was turf as a dominant type,while weft and mat were 16.04% and 2.83%,respectively.The species richness variations of bryophytes were obvious and their similarities were low among three mercury mine areas.Meanwhile,the species richness of bryophytes was much lower and pollution was greatly serious in the slag than other contaminated sources.It is showed that species distribution of bryophytes in different mercury contaminated sources in western Hunan.Weisia semipallida C.Muell.,Bryum blindii B.S.G.,B.dichotomum Hedw.,B.argenteum Hedw.and Dicranella coarctata(C.Muell) Boesch et Lac.distributed widely in different contaminated sources from mercury mine belt in western Hunan,it may be good materials that they are used to monitor environment in mine areas in further work.