北京商业老字号历史文化背景若干

北京商业老字号的形成与发展,是北京商业经济繁荣的历史印证,与北京800多年来作为各朝代首都的政治、经济、历史、文化,以及同北京的地理环境和交通状况密不可分.从元代建都承袭皇权思想所形成的城市格局,到郭守敬开凿通惠河;从明王朝在前门外建房招商,到为抵御外族入侵,修筑外城;从清政府实行旗民分居政策,到外国使馆区的建立,无不对北京商业区的形成产生深刻影响.而古都北京在封建等级制度、官本位制度下形成的官场文化,以及北京城的市井文化,也对老字号的文化氛围、经营方式、商业道德产生重大影响.

Backgrounds of the History and Culture of Beijing Time-honored Brand Stores

Beijing,as the capital city of different Dynasties,has experienced a rapid development of the economy and commerce,which are indispensable to the circumstance and factors of history,culture,politics,as well as the transportation and natural environment.The booming of the economy,culture and commerce of Beijing can well be verified by great number of China time honored brand stores.In the Yuan Dynasty,the layout of the city was established according to the thought of the royal family,and the Tonghui cannel was opened.In the Ming Dynasty,group of houses were built in Qianmen area to attract businessmen but at the same time,the outer wall of Beijing was built to protect invasion of the foreign nationalities.In the Qing Dynasty,the separate living policy of Man and Han was carried out,but an area of foreign embassies was designed.All these had a very deep influence on the formation of the Beijing business center.And the time honored brand stores had its cultural characteristic in its management,commercial morality and the sentimental appeal.