浅析苏联的消费品短缺问题

“苏联式社会主义经济”与“纯粹市场经济”的关键区别在于资源所有权和资源配置决策机制不同。苏联的经济资源由国家所有或控制,有关资源配置的决策由国家直接作出并带有法律效力。为保证重工业的高速增长,苏联政府减少并抑制社会消费需求,把资源集中到重工业部门,导致消费品供应紧张。为解决消费品短缺与社会需求增加的矛盾,政府一方面实行必需品“定量配给,”另一方面通过提高“周转税”的办法,剥夺新的需求,化解、弥合供求脱节并维持特权阶层的特殊供应。

Analysis of the Shortage of Consumer Goods in the Soviet Union

There was a crucial difference between Soviet-style socialist economy and pure market economy,in which the resource title and the policy-making system of resource allocation are different from each other.In Soviet Union,the economic resource was held and controlled by the government,the decision to make resource allocation was made by the government directly,and so all these decisions had a legal effect.In order to guarantee the fast development of the heavy industry,the Soviet Union government reduced and restricted the social consumer demand to concentrate the resource on the heavy industry sector.This made the supply of consumer goods short.While the consumer goods was short,the social demand was constantly increasing.This was a problem.To solve this problem,the Soviet Union government had to introduce the necessary products rationing,and on the other hand,it lifted the turnover tax to explore the new demand from the people,and then to balance the supply and the demand and keep the special supply for the special interest.