天平振动的研究

测量物体质量的常用仪器之一是天平。实际的天平横梁上三个刀口不可能在同一平面上,中间刀口到两侧刀口所在平面有一微小的距离,由此产生了一个附加的力矩。天平在振动时,形成一个复摆,根据力矩平衡关系,讨论了天平的振动规律。通过测量天平的感度和振动周期,考查了天平的转动惯量、重心位置等参数;计算得出了中间刀口到两侧刀口所在平面的距离;分析了天平感度的变化规律。通过研究天平的机械摆动,探索了复摆的运动规律,加深了对天平的认识。

Research of balance vibration

Balance is one of the commonly used instruments to measure the quality of object. The three blade on the balance beam may not be in the same plane,so there is a small distance from the middle blade to the plane of both sides blade,therefore caused an additional torque. The balance in vibration forms a compound pendulum. According to the torque balance,we discussed the vibration law of balance. By measuring the sensitivity of the balance and vibration period,we examined the moment of inertia and the position of the center of gravity; calculated the distance from the middle blade to the plane of both sides blade; analyzed the variation law of balance sensitivity. By studying the mechanical oscillation of the balance,we explored the motion of compound pendulum,deepening the understanding of the scales.