闽江河口湿地景观格局动态及其驱动力

利用1986年、1996年和2003年遥感影像作为基本信息源，在遥感和GIS技术的支持下，运用景观生态学原理，选取景观格局指数，分析和研究1986-2003年闽江河口湿地景观格局的动态变化及其驱动力.研究结果表明，随着人为活动强度的逐渐增强，自然湿地景观的斑块数随时间而增加,而斑块面积减少，人工湿地和非湿地景观的斑块数和面积均有不同程度的增加,湿地景观向人工景观、非湿地景观转变的趋势明显；各类景观的斑块密度、斑块分维数和形状指数增大，景观形状趋于复杂；景观多样性指数和均匀度指数增大，优势度下降，景观破碎程度增强；泥沙运动、城市建设、防洪堤建造和采砂活动等是闽江河口湿地演变的主要驱动力.

Dynamic and Driving Forces of Landscape Pattern of Estuarine Wetland in the Min River(Chinese)

Along the Min River,there are more than five areas with relatively large area and well habitant and breeding for birds.Human-induced land use and land cover changes in wetland areas,such as urban construction and flood-proof and transportation projects conversing wetlands into non-wetlands,has significant impacts on landscape pattern of wetlands.This paper applied multiple spatial data and information from remote sensing and maps,as well as geographic information system modeling and landscape ecological approaches to reveal the changes of landscape of wetland in the study area from 1986 to 2003.The results showed:(1) The regional wetland landscape types were characterized into 12 types,including natural wetland,man-made wetland and non-wetland.The landscape diversity index and Shannon's Evenness index increased in the past 17 years,while the numbers of patches increased,the areas of the nature wetland decreased and that of man-made wetland and non-wetland increased.The fragmentation of landscape of wetland in the study area enhanced steadily due to increasing mankind activities.(2) On respect of individual patches index,wetlands' patches mean area declined 28.99 percents from 1986 to 2003 and density of patches increased 40.87 percents on the same period,and fractal dimension and shape index which reflected the shape of patches had increased in temporal scales,for the shape of patches more complex under the mankind disturbance.(3) The spatial variation of wetland landscape along the river was affected by a suite of natural and anthropogenic factors,such as hydrological and climate factors and various human activities.Urban construction and flood-proof projects were key factors to natural wetland conversation to non-wetland.Rapid population growth and economic development have significantly impact the spatial pattern of the landscape of study areas.