资源枯竭矿区土地复垦与生态重建技术

资源枯竭矿区面临生态恢复的艰巨任务.中国以煤炭为主的矿业城市主要集中于中西部,枯竭矿区以中东部为主.在资源枯竭矿区,不同的矿产类型、开采方式、自然条件及"采、选、冶"等不同的生产活动,形成了压占、挖损、塌陷、污染等土地损毁类型.鉴于土地复垦途径的不同,提出乡村生态农业、城郊湿地公园或郊野公园、矿山公园等生态恢复方案.结合国内外矿区土地复垦与生态重建经验,分析了耕地复垦的景观重建和施工技术,河流水系修复、水分循环小气候修复、矿井水综合利用等技术,积水区土体处理与造景、地表植被恢复与造景、道路系统改造与景观连通、采矿遗迹的保护与改造等湿地修复技术,沉陷积水净化、积水水面改造、动植物配置等水体修复技术,村落特色保护与规划、建筑物基础建造等村落恢复技术,山脊生态廊道修复、山体的自然生态植被恢复和重建等山体恢复技术,林地选择与布局、树种规划、煤矸石山等废弃地抗旱栽植等林地重建技术等.在科学规划、及时有效治理下,资源枯竭矿区生态环境可得到修复,并能够促进矿区持续发展.

Land Reclamation and Ecological Reconstruction in Resourceexhausted Mining Areas

Resource-exhausted mining areas are faced with an arduous task of ecological restoration.The previous studies show that the coal-based mining cities in China are mainly distributed in the middle and west parts,but the resource-exhausted mining areas are mainly in the middle and east parts.The resource-exhausted mining areas are related with different types of mineral resources,mining methods,natural conditions and production activities of "mining,dressing and smelting",which may cause various land damage ty...