语用学和语境论析

语境因素是语用学研究的重要概念之一,特别是背景知识和情景知识在语用学的分析中有重要的作用。语用前提是一个特定的语境下使一句话具有必要的社会合适性所必须满足的条件。语用前提必须是谈话双方所共知,而交际双方所共有的知识是语境的一个重要构成因素。应用言语行为理论解释话语主要借助隐藏在话语内的一些恰当条件、构成性规则知识和具体的语境情景。会话含义中的语境是为了使语言交际活动达到特定的目标,谈话双方都应遵守的普遍原则。

On Pragmatics and Context

Pragmatic analysis of language always involves contextual consideration,especially background knowledge and situational knowledge.Pragmatic presuppositions are conditions which are necessary for a sentence to be appropriate in a given context and the mutual knowledge that the speaker and the hearer share.The central contribution of context to utterance interpretation in speech act applications is its contribution to the knowledge(i.e.,the conditions and rules) underlying the successful performance and interpretation of speech act types and to the situations.Context proposed by conversational implicature is a general principle that participants assume one another to believe and observe in order to communicate successfully.