文物保护单位风险评估方法与流程研究

风险管理是安全管理的基础,是组织机构设置、制度建设、设备设施配备的依据。随着我国旅游业飞速发展,对外开放的文物保护单位面临的接待压力陡增,文物保护与开放的矛盾日益凸显,围绕文物的考古发掘、研究、使用、修缮、保养、迁移、利用的全过程安全风险分析与管控研究具有明确的现实意义。本研究首先梳理了文物保护单位风险管理的基本流程,接着对文物保护单位常用的风险矩阵方法和ABC评估方法进行了系统解释。在此基础上,对文物保护单位面临的社会治安、火灾、恐怖袭击、拥挤踩踏、大型活动等常见公共安全风险的风险评估进行了具体分析。最后,提出了适用于文物保护单位的风险评估工作组织实施及风险态势管理流程,为文物保护单位的风险管理提供思路和方法支撑。

Research on Risk Assessment Methods and Processes for Cultural Heritage Sites

Risk management is the foundation of safety management and the basis for organizational setting, system construction and equipment and facilities provision. With the rapid development of tourism in China, the reception pressure on cultural heritage sites opening to the public increases steeply, and the contradiction between the protection and opening of cultural heritage becomes increasingly prominent. Thus the study of safety risk analysis and control around the whole process of archaeological excavation, research, use, repair, maintenance, relocation and use of cultural heritage is of clear practical significance. In this paper, the basic process of risk management is first introduced, followed by a systematic explanation of the risk matrix approach and ABC method commonly used for risk assessment for heritage conservation units. On this basis, the risk assessment of common risks faced by heritage conservation units, such as social security, fire, terrorist attacks, crowding and trampling, and large-scale events, was specifically analyzed. Finally, the organization and implementation of risk assessment and risk posture management processes applicable to heritage conservation units were proposed, so as to provide ideas and methodological support for risk management of cultural heritage sites.