“一带一路”倡议背景下东南亚贫困及减贫开发模式研究

贫困是东南亚地区实现2030年可持续发展目标和区域共同繁荣面临的重要挑战。东南亚地区贫困人口聚集,减贫成效与经济发展水平、农业生产率、交通基础设施和科技教育等方面的发展和投入水平密切相关。日本、美国等国政府以及世界银行、亚洲开发银行等多边政府和非政府机构在东南亚实施的项目对于东南亚国家的减贫有一定的推动作用。东南亚目前主要存在基础减贫、产业减贫和生态减贫3种减贫开发模式,不同模式之间并无非此即彼的替代关系,需要因地制宜、具体规划。中国政府提出的"一带一路"倡议和后续一系列相关政策在合作内容上基本覆盖3种减贫模式。随着"一带一路"倡议下双边和多边合作的不断推进,中国与东南亚国家之间的交往和合作水平将不断提高,东南亚地区的基础设施、能源、农业等产业发展将在人才、资金、技术、互联互通渠道、合作平台建设等支撑条件的持续发展中得到进一步加强,进而推动东南亚贫困问题的解决和可持续发展目标的实现。

Poverty and Its Reduction Paradigm Research in Southeast Asia under the Backdrop of the Belt and Road Initiative

Poverty is a pressing challenge for Southeast Asia to achieve both the 2030 sustainable development goals (SDGs) and promote regional prosperity. In this region, the poverty population gathered mainly in rural regions. Poverty reduction is significantly related to various factors such as economic development, agricultural productivity, transport infrastructure, as well as science, technology and education inputs. Many developed countries, such as Japan and United States, and multilateral governmental and non-governmental entities, with World Bank and Asian Development Bank, have been making a lot of efforts to promote poverty reduction during the past three decades. Generally, there are three paradigms for poverty reduction: basic, industrial and ecological oriented paradigms. Different paradigms do not play as replacement to the other, while appropriate planning and management should be considered. and local conditions also need to be taken into account. The Belt and Road (B&R) initiative proposed by the Chinese government and a series of policies and projects following the initiative cover the three paradigms. Following the development of B&R initiative and its drive to bilateral and multilateral cooperation in Southeast Asia, the levels of communication and cooperation between China and Southeast Asian countries will be promoted. infrastructure, energy and agricultural sectors would be further enhanced based on continuous supports from personnel, funding, technology, communication channel, and the cooperation platforms. Consequently, a further progress to achieve the goals of poverty reduction and sustainable development would be promoted.