中国PM2.5污染现状及其对人体健康的危害

 当前，中国大气中PM_2.5污染形势严峻。2013 年，在全国纳入监测范围的74 座城市中，接近92%的城市的PM_2.5年均浓度未达到国家标准，其中，京津冀、长三角和珠三角等重点区域PM_2.5污染尤为严重。PM_2.5中含有的多种有毒有害物质可直接危害公众身体健康。已有的研究结果显示，PM_2.5污染会直接影响人体的呼吸系统、心血管系统，与肺癌的发生率和死亡率密切相关，但需从PM_2.5毒理学及暴露-反应关系等影响机制方面做深入研究。中国对大气中PM_2.5污染的治理任重道远，强化PM_2.5的健康风险研究，科学评价PM_2.5污染对中国不同人群疾病发生的负担率等应是认真思考的问题。

PM2.5 Pollution in China and Its Harmfulness to Human Health

The situation of PM_2.5 pollution in China is serious at present. Among 74 cities starting PM_2.5 monitoring in 2013, about 92% cities have PM_2.5 concentrations exceeding the state standard limit value. The most polluted areas in China are the Beijing- Tianjin-Hebei region, Yangtze River Delta region and the Pearl River Delta region. Some poisonous species contained in PM_2.5 may have a direct influence on human health. Some research results indicate that diseases such as respiratory system and cardiovascular system are evidently affected by PM_2.5 pollution. Moreover, PM_2.5 concentration and chemical composition are directly related to lung cancer. Therefore, some key problems, like PM_2.5 toxicology, exposure-response relationship and so on, should be further studied, and the health risk assessment on PM_2.5 pollution must be strengthened as well.