福岛核事故后放射性废物的影响及处置对策

 福岛核事故中,氢气爆炸破坏反应堆厂房顶盖,导致大量放射性物质外泄,造成周边环境大面积污染.事故后续处理过程中还产生大量二次污染物.因此,福岛核事故后放射性废弃物呈现数量大、范围广的特点,给后续核污染的治理带来巨大挑战.本文介绍福岛核事故所造成的环境污染和厂内污染情况,分析污染种类、特点、应对措施等,总结该事故中放射性废弃物处置对策及其对中国核电发展的启示.

Impact and Disposal Measures of Radioactive Waste After Fukushima Nuclear Accident

During the Fukushima nuclear accident, a huge amounts of radioactive materials leaked out of the reactor building shell and polluted a large surrounding area. Furthermore, the secondary pollutants produced during the subsequent processing are still active. Therefore, the radioactive wastes in the Fukushima nuclear accident have the characteristics of huge amounts and wide range. It remians a serious challenge to the disposal measures. This paper introduces the environmental pollution after the accident, especially in the site of Fukushima nuclear power plant. The classification, characteristics and disposal measures of the radioactive wastes are analyzed, respectively. Suggestions on disposal measures of radioactive wastes and the inspiration on China's nuclear power development are summarized.