对魏晋辞赋中“神女—美女”形象的文化审视

魏晋文学中,对于"神女—美女"这类女性形象的认识和塑造,并未真实地反映那个时代正在觉醒的女性意识。魏晋时期无论是美艳的少女还是新寡的嫠妇,并非全是恪守礼教而甘作男性或艳羡或哀怜的对象,而常常能够大胆、主动地追求自由和爱情。当现实生活中的女性意识已经随着汉魏之际的文化转型而发生深刻变化的时候,魏晋文学的"神女—美女"却一如既往地唱着昨天的歌,并千年不变地承传着古旧的文化心态。这种由男权文化所预设的"女性意识",借助着"美艳"的文本,在"怜香"、"悯孤"之心态的支撑下,流行几千年而很少遭遇文化意义上的审视与批判。

Goddess and Beauty Images in the literature of Wei and Jin Dynastive form the Gultural Perspective

In the literature of Wei Dynasty and Jing Dynasty,the cognition and figure of female image such as "godness and beauty" do not truly reflect the awakening female consciousness in that time.In the age of Wei Dynasty and Jing Dynasty,whether beautiful maiden or new widow,not all of them scrupulously abide by the Confucian or feudal ethical code.Instead,some of them could boldly and forwardly pursue freedom and love.When the great change of true-life female consciousness has happened with the change of Wei and Jing culture,"godness and beauty" in the literature of Wei Dynasty and Jing Dynasty still keeps original image and invariably transfers and inherits the old culture."The female consciousness" dominated by male rights has been popular for thousands of years,but it has seldom been surveyed and criticized in cultural meaning.