浅谈美国兽医教育和实验动物兽医培养系统

美国是目前世界上兽医教育最为发达的国家。兽医学是美国教育部认定的博士专业学位，专业学位是与研究学位不同的另一种成熟的学位教育。美国的兽医需要经过激烈的竞争进入兽医学院，完成昂贵且严苛的兽医教育，通过高难度的北美兽医执业资格考试，才能合法从业。美国目前已经形成了成熟的兽医博士后进阶程序，包括实习医师，专科住院医师的培养和认证体系。本文从兽医学院入选前的培训及经历,阐述了美国社会对待兽医教育的常态，并以实验动物专科为例，介绍了兽医学院毕业后美国兽医的专科发展路径。

Brief Introduction of American Veterinary Education and Laboratory Animal Specialty Training

The veterinary education in the United States of America is widely agreed to be the most advanced. The degree for veterinary medicine is accredited as a professional doctorate degree by the Ministry of Education of the US. To become a veterinarian in the U.S., one needs to meet the strict requirements for admission, graduation and practice entrance examinations. There has already been a sophisticated system post the doctorate education of veterinary medicine in the U.S., including internship trainings, residency trainings and certifications. This article illustrated the processes before the admission of the colleges of veterinary medicine, and the postdoctoral specialty training and certification with the example of laboratory animal veterinarians.