足球高踢技术动作下肢环节链的生物力学特征分析

目的:探讨大学足球校队足球运动员与一般健身者在执行足球高踢动作时,整个动作下肢各肢段及关节活动范围,为足球教学人员及教练员的课堂教学提供参考.方法:采用Qualisys运动图像拍摄及解析系统(瑞典)获取足球高踢动作摆动腿各肢段运动学参数.拍摄频率100帧/s,数字摄像机将撷取到反光球反射的模拟讯号,透过视讯与模拟讯号处理器,将模拟讯号转换成数字信号,进而获得相应运动学参数.结果:(1)在相近的时相阶段,足球运动员大腿肢段后摆最大角度、小腿肢段后摆最大角度、足肢段后摆最大角度均显著大于一般健身者;(2)高踢过程中,足球运动员膝关节总活动范围与一般健身者并无差异,前者踝关节活动度范围显著大于一般健身者;(3)足球运动员与一般健身者执行高踢动作的总时间、足踢最大高度、下肢各肢段达到最大后摆时间、最大角度峰值、最大后摆角速度及最大前摆角速度等参数发生的时间与一般健身者无差异.结论:与一般健身者相比,足球运动员是通过增加下肢肢段的后摆角度,从而获得较快的肢段速度.

On Biomechanical Characteristics of Lower Extremities on High Kick in Soccer Players

To explore each segment of entire lower extremities and their joint range of motion of the soccer player in school soccer team and amateur players, some proposal has been given on the soccer teachers and coaches. Quality motion image capture and analysis have been used in the obtaining the kinematic parameters of each segment of swing legs during high kick, the sample frequencies was 100 frame/s, by means of the transfer of the optical message of digital camera, the related kinematic parameters have been obtained. Results show that, 1) the maximal angle of back swing of hip segment, calf segment, and foot segment of soccer players were significantly larger than that of the amateur players during the similar phase; 2) during high kick, there was no difference in the entire knee joint range of motion between soccer players and amateur players, the ankle joint range of motion in soccer players was significant larger than that of the amateur players; and 3) there were no significant difference in entire time, maximal height of kick, the time of reaching maximal back swing of each segment, maximal peak angle, and maximal angular velocities of back and forward swing during high kick between soccer and amateur players. It is concluded that comparison with the amateur players, the improvement of segment velocities is dependent on the increase of angle of back swing of lower extremity in soccer players.