页岩气开采与集输过程中腐蚀问题与现状分析

页岩气是一种清洁的能源,在许多国家的能源战略中占据重要地位。美国、加拿大等国家页岩气开发技术较为成熟,位于世界领先地位,中国等国家起步较晚,但近年来发展迅速。随着页岩气的不断开采,井下管柱、地面管线及设备的腐蚀问题不断出现,严重影响了页岩气的正常生产。页岩气勘探、开发和储运过程中都可能产生腐蚀问题,不同类型的腐蚀之间往往会相互影响,加大了腐蚀防控的难度。主要涉及的腐蚀类型有:硫酸盐还原菌腐蚀、冲刷腐蚀、CO2腐蚀、H2S腐蚀及垢下腐蚀等。针对目前页岩气生产过程中的腐蚀问题和研究现状,分析了各种腐蚀产生的原因、腐蚀机理以及防腐方法。

Research Progress of Corrosion During the Exploitation and Gathering-transportation Processes of Shale Gas

Shale gas is a clean energy, which occupies an important position in the energy strategies of many countries. The shale gas exploitation technologies in the United States, Canada and other countries are relatively mature and they are in the leading position across the world. While other countries like in China shale gas exploitation research started later but has developed rapidly in recent years. With the continuous exploitation of shale gas, the corrosion of downhole strings, surface pipelines and equipment occurs frequently, which has seriously affected the normal production of shale gas. Corrosion may occur in shale gas exploration, development, storage and transportation, and different types of corrosion often influence each other, which makes it more difficult to prevent and control. The main corrosion problems involved in shale gas production are sulfate reducing bacteria corrosion, scouring corrosion, CO₂ corrosion, H₂S corrosion and under-scale corrosion. In this paper, the corrosion reasons, corrosion mechanism and anti-corrosion methods in shale gas production are analyzed based on the current research development.