综合化学实验设计:单/双核铜配合物的温度控制合成、表征及转化

化学类专业本科生在理论课学习中,对反应的热力学产物和动力学产物有了一定的理论认识,但目前鲜有实验能够使其直观体会2种产物在制备时的差异．本实验以氯化铜和邻氨基苯甲酰胺为原料,水和乙醇为溶剂,通过仅改变反应温度,分别在60 ℃水浴加热和冰水浴冷却条件下得到了红色的热力学产物二(μ-氯)·二[氯·(邻氨基苯甲酰胺)合铜(Ⅱ)] ( 1 )和黄绿色的动力学产物二氯·二(邻氨基苯甲酰胺)合铜(Ⅱ) ( 2 ),产率分别为80.4%和76.4%．采用络合滴定法和仪器分析方法对产物进行了表征测试,结果表明在不同温度下可制备2种不同组成、结构和性质的热力学和动力学产物,且在加热条件下,配合物 2 可以转化为配合物 1 ．本设计为化学类相关专业本科生综合实验教学提供了一个成功案例,可加深学生对结构与性能的科学关联以及构效关系的认识和理解． 

Comprehensive chemical experiment: temperature controlled synthesis,characterization and conversion of mononuclear and binuclear copper complexes

Undergraduates in chemistry have a certain theoretical understanding of thermodynamic and kinetic products, but few experiments can demonstrate directly differences in the preparation of these two products．Copper chloride and o-aminobenzamide were used in the present experiment as raw materials, water and ethanol were used as solvents．The reaction temperature only was changed: the thermodynamic red product ( 1 ) was obtained at 60 ℃ with water bath heating, but the kinetic olive product ( 2 ) was obtained with ice water bath cooling, with yield of 80.4% and 76.4% respectively．The thermodynamic and kinetic products with different compositions, structures and properties were obtained at different temperatures．In addition, complex 2 can be converted to complex 1 with heating．This will be an excellent comprehensive-experiment for undergraduates in chemistry．Such experiments will facilitate their understanding of structure-activity relationship．