张掖地区的辐射气候特征

本文利用张掖、临泽、高台、山丹四个站1960—1980年地面气候资料和一些经验公式,计算了张掖地区的辐射情况并对该地区辐射各分量的年变化和年际变化特征进行了分析,为“黑河试验”提供了辐射气候背景。分析结果表明:该区总辐射6月最大,12月最小,总辐射的年变幅春夏季大,冬季小;地面反射率冬季大,夏季小,在4—5月和9—10月分别有一次突变过程,其年变幅夏季大,冬季小;地面有效辐射有显著的季节变化,在辐射平衡中占有较大的比重;辐射平衡值12月最小,7月最大,该地区夏季是个热源,冬季可能是个弱冷源。

THE CLIMATOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE RADIATIVE COMPONENTS IN ZHANGYE AREA

In this paper, the radiaton amounts are calculated and annual and year - to- year va. ria-tions of radiative components are analysed by means of empirical formulas by using the surface meteorological data at Zhangye, Linze, Gaotai and Shandan from 1960 to 1980. The results provide a climatic background of radiation for " HEIFE ". The results show that the maximal global radiation is in June and its minimum in December, and the maximal variant amplitude of global radiation is in spring and summer and the minimal variant amplitude in winter. The surface albedo is large in winter and small in summer. There is an abrupt variation from April to May and from September to October for surface albedo, respectively. The seasonal variation of effective radiation is obvious and its weighing in the radiation balance is large. The minimal value of radiation balance is in December and the maximal value is in July. In this area, the surface heating field acts as a heat source in summer and as a weak heat sink in winter.