基于眼球追踪的手术器械设计者与使用者的差异性分析： 以工程师与医生为例

为保证手术器械设计过程中工程师的设计需求符合医生的实际使用需求，对工程师和医生在手术器械使用中的表现进行差异性研究。通过模拟手术实验，设置关键任务与非关键任务，对12名工程师与12医生进行眼动数据(瞳孔直径和平均扫视幅度)与问卷数据(整体评价和各指标评价)的收集，通过四方面分析得到差异结果。结果表明，认知差异：关键任务中，医生瞳孔扩张，具有更高的认知负荷；注意力差异：医生采用主次注意力分配策略，工程师采用平均注意力分配策略。关键任务中，医生相较于工程师注意力集中，扫视幅度小，信息搜索效率高；器械关注度：非关键器械中，工程师设计冗余，超出医生的实际需求；器械评价指标关注度：安全性是共同关注的指标，舒适度相关评价差异性大。可见，应关注设计者角度和使用者角度存在的差异，找到设计和优化关键点，从医生临床实际需求出发进行手术器械的优化与设计，提高手术器械的可用性。

Differential Analysis of Designers and Users of Surgical Instruments Based on Eye Tracking:Engineers and Physicians as an Example

In order to ensure that the design requirements of engineers during the design of surgical instruments meet the actual use requirements of physicians, a differential study of the performance of engineers and physicians in the use of surgical instruments was conducted. Through simulated surgical experiments, critical tasks and non-critical tasks were set up, and oculomotor data (pupil diameter and average saccades amplitude) and questionnaire data (overall evaluation and evaluation of each index) were collected from 12 engineers and 12 physicians. The results of their differences were obtained through a four-pronged analysis. The results show that cognitive differences: in the critical task, doctors have dilated pupils with higher cognitive load; attention differences: doctors use primary and secondary attention allocation strategies and engineers use average attention allocation strategies. In the critical task, the physician focuses his attention compared to the engineer, with small sweeping amplitude and high information search efficiency; device attention: in the non-critical device, the engineers design redundancy beyond the actual needs of the physician; device evaluation index attention: safety is the common concern, comfort-related evaluation variability is large. It can be seen that attention should be paid to the differences existing between the designer''s perspective and the user''s perspective, to find the key points of design and optimization, to optimize and design surgical instruments from the actual clinical needs of physicians, and to improve the usability of surgical instruments.