论宋代社会与文化发展的不平衡性

宋代的文化繁荣时代并不是与社会的一般发展相适应的,因而也不是与那构成社会组织骨干的社会物质相适应的。其社会特征已是无可挽回地滑向了下坡路的后期时代。从总体上看,宋代的统一,并不像汉唐是在经过大规模农民暴动冲击了封建生产关系的基础上建立起来的,而是靠陈桥驿事变和“杯酒释兵权”的权术起家的,宋王朝并未真正触动封建社会制度本身的痼疾,其生产关系和社会结构关系,基本上是延续或部分发展了唐代既有的政治经济成果,加以其封建专制机构的老化和运转、指挥不灵,更增强了其社会衰落的趋向。宋代文化的繁荣,并不是封建专制制度本身所必由派生。其主要原因是由于封建后期的社会结构变化(如庶族地主阶层占主导统治地位)和社会关系变化,以及文化自身发展规律所致,特别是人民大众兴起的新思想、新内涵如“均贫富、等贵贱”的平等自由取向和个性解放思想以及庶族士子诗词文中的关心民瘼、抨击时弊和爱国思想的酿成。

The disequilibrium between the development of society and culture in the Song Dynasty

The period of cultural boom in the Song Dynasty was not in harmony with the general development of society at that time,and was,so to say,not in harmony with the social materials constituting the backbone of the social organization.At that time the Dynasty was in the later period and on the decline.On the whole,the rise of the Song Dynasty,unlike that of the Han and Tang Dynasties which came as a result of a massive peasant uprising that pounded at the feudal production relations,came as a result of the Chenqiao Munity and the "banqueted dissolution of military power"strategy.The Song Dynasty didn't actually do any significant harm to the chronic malady of the feudal system itself.Its Production relations and social structure relations were basically a continuation and partial develoment of the political and economic achievements of the Tang Dynasty,which,together with the ageing of its own feudal autocratic organizations and its ineffective commanding,intensified its social decline.The cultural boom in the Song Dynasty did not come as a necessary derivative from the feudal autocratic system but chiefly as a result of the change in social structure in the later period of feudalism(e.g.the landlord stratum of the clan of commoners was in the leading position)and in social relations and a result of the law of cultural development.It was in particular a result of the new thoughts and new connotations that rose among the broad masses of the people,such as " equality in wealth and slatus" ,an equality and liberty orientation,and the concept of personality emancipation.emancipation.Scholars'concern over the hardships of people,their lashing out against those days'evils and the formation of their patriotism also contributed to the coming of the boom.