论有质粒子作超光速运动的可能性

狭义相对论( SR)中运动的有质粒子的长度( l)、质量( m)、能量( E或W)随速度v变化。当v增大,l减小而m和E加大。如果v=c,运动粒子的质量、能量成为无限大。故Einstein断言讨论超越光速c是无意义的。然而在实际上从未发现过物体长度随速度增加而减小。对质量而言,Newton力学中质量与速度无关；质量随速度变来自1904年的Lorentz公式m = m01- vc 2[()]-1/2,即使它适用于电子也不能像SR那样推广于一切动体,实际上缺少“Lorentz质速公式适用于中性粒子和中性物体”的实验。故所谓“光障”不一定真的存在。
　　电子并不是一个普通的动体,而是特殊的带有电荷的动体。故即使v=c,能量也不是无限大。另外,还可证明当速度v增大时动体荷电量q和受力F都减小。这就很好的解释了1901年的Kaufmann实验。类似地,分析表明1964年的Bertozi实验也不能证明光速c不可超越。
　　本文把今日的“光障”问题与过去的“声障”问题作了比较,认为可压缩流体力学可用在超光速研究中,空气动力学发展对突破光障有参考作用。在超声速飞机问世前,当飞机速度接近声速将形成气体超大密度的激波,飞机将无法穿越它。但深入的理论分析和风洞实验使科学家获悉,即使v=c(在这里c为声速),密度仅增大6倍,不是无限大；故工程师开始设计和建造超声速飞机。1947年10月14日美国空军完成了人类首次超声速飞行。……我们相信对所谓光障也会是同样的情况。
　　由于量子力学中的波粒二象性,科学家可按两条路径(粒子或波)展开研究。过去认为微观客体会呈现为粒子或波,但不会同时体现这两者。然而最新的研究却证明可在实验中又是粒子又是波。本文建议设计针对物质波的实验。由于现时有大量的群速超光速实验已获成功,可以期待超光速有质粒子(电子或质子)的存在和发现。……总之,结论是有质粒子可以作超光速运动,但有待将来的直接实验证明。

Possibility of the Massive Particles Moving by Faster-than-light

From the Special Relativity( SR) ,length( l)、mass( m) and energy( E or W) of the moving mas-sive particles can be varied with the speed v. When v The electron not only is a general moving body,but also a special charged moving body. So even v=c,energy are not infinite. We also know that as v is increased,the charge q and the force F is decreased. This is a good explanation for the Kaufmann’s experiment in 1901. The Bertozi’s experiment in 1964 was a similar incident,it can’ t prove the light speed c is a limit in universe.
In this article,we compare the present“light barrier”problem with the past“sonic barrier”problem. The results of the compressible fluid mechanics can be used to the faster-than-light research,and the developments of the aerodynamics will give good references to break through the light barrier. Before ultra-sonic airplanes appeared,people thought a shock wave with great density would pile up when an airplane flied at a speed close to sound,then the airplane could not fly passing through the shook waves. But,ac-cording to theoretical analysis and experiments, scientists has understood when v = c ( c is the sonic speed) the gas density will increase by no more than 6 times,not infinite. Then,engineers set out to de-sign and make supersonic airplane. In 14 Oct. 1947,US Airforce succeeded in making the first supersonic flight.…… We believe that the same prospect will occur to the so-called light barrier.
Base on the particle-wave duality in Quantum Mechanics ( QM) ,scientists can work along the path of particles or waves. In the past,people know that all microscopic objects behave either as waves or as particles,but never as both. But in recent advances of QM,papers will show a different perspective—it is possible to design experiments to demonstrate that a quantum object can behave both as wave and as par-ticle. According to this situation,we believe it is possible to design experiments on the matter waves. Be-cause several group velocity faster-than-light experiments was a great success,then we expect that the superluminal massive particles ( electrons or positrons) may be exists. ……In conclusion, the massive particle moving by faster-than-light is possible. But the experimental works will be complete in the fu-ture.