Molecular basis for chemoprevention by sulforaphane: a comprehensive review |
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Authors: | N Juge R F Mithen M Traka |
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Institution: | (1) Phytochemicals and Health Programme, Institute of Food Research, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UA, UK;(2) Biosciences FRE-3005-CNRS, Université Paul Cézanne Aix Marseille III, Av. Escadrille Normandie-Niemen, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France |
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Abstract: | The consumption of cruciferous vegetables has long been associated with a reduced risk in the occurrence of cancer at various
sites, including the prostate, lung, breast and colon. This protective effect is attributed to isothiocyanates present in
these vegetables, and sulforaphane (SF), present in broccoli, is by far the most extensively studied to uncover the mechanisms
behind this chemoprotection. The major mechanism by which SF protects cells was traditionally thought to be through Nrf2-mediated
induction of phase 2 detoxification enzymes that elevate cell defense against oxidative damage and promote the removal of
carcinogens. However, it is becoming clear that there are multiple mechanisms activated in response to SF, including suppression
of cytochrome P450 enzymes, induction of apoptotic pathways, suppression of cell cycle progression, inhibition of angiogenesis
and anti-inflammatory activity. Moreover, these mechanisms seem to have some degree of interaction to synergistically afford
chemoprevention.
Received: 10 November 2006; received after revision 15 January 2007; accepted 5 February 2007 |
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Keywords: | Sulforaphane Nrf2 apoptosis cell cycle inflammation angiogenesis cancer |
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