中国珍稀植物濒危原因及保护对策研究进展

珍稀濒危植物由于自身的原因或受到人类活动的影响,现存数量稀少或者只出现在脆弱的有限生境中,面临随时可能灭绝的威胁。中国是世界上植物多样性最丰富的国家之一,但在过去50年里,我国有数千种植物已经或濒临灭绝,植物保护工作的形势十分严峻。研究探讨珍稀濒危植物数量稀少的原因,并采取积极措施保护珍稀濒危植物种质资源,已成为中国生物多样性研究亟待解决的问题。本文基于文献资料对中国珍稀濒危植物的现状及原因进行分析,归纳出导致植物濒危的因素包括内因和外因两方面,其中内因主要是植物自身遗传多样性低、繁殖能力不足或幼苗活力弱,外因主要是指历史气候和生境的变迁、同域物种竞争以及人类活动的影响。

The Research Progress of Endangered Causes and Protection Strategy of Rare and Endangered Plants in China

Rare and endangered plants are scarce or appear only in limited and fragile habitats,due to their inherent characteristics or influenced by human activities.If they are not protected,rare and endangered plants maybe in the danger of extinction at any time.China is one of the countries with the richest plant diversity in the world,but in the past 50 years,thousands of plants in China have been or are on the verge of extinction,and the situation of plant protection is very serious.It has become an urgent problem for biodiversity research in China to explore the reasons for the scarcity of rare and endangered plants and to take active measures to protect the germplasm resources of rare and endangered plants.Based on the literature of the living status and causes of rare and endangered plants in China,it concludes the factors that lead to endangered plants including internal and external causes,the internal causes are mainly low genetic diversity,reproductive capacity deficits or weak seedling vigor,external causes are mainly the history of climate and habitat changes,sympatric species competition and the impact of human activities.