药食同源植物海带中多不饱和脂肪酸的组成特点

采用索氏提取法以不同溶剂提取干海带中的总脂肪酸,提取物经碱液水解和三氟化硼甲酯化后,采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术分析海带提取物中多不饱和脂肪酸的组成特征。实验结果表明,乙醇、丙酮和石油醚的总提取率分别为11.92%、3.93%和3.22%。在GC/MS检测结果中,石油醚提取物、丙酮提取物、乙醇提取物中不饱和脂肪酸分别为2.82%、60.40%和60.41%。石油醚溶剂不适合提取海带中的不饱和脂肪酸,丙酮和乙醇溶剂较好,丙酮提取物中多不饱和脂肪酸的含量为28.68%,乙醇提取物中则为30.29%。以乙醇为夹带剂对海带中脂肪酸进行超临界二氧化碳流体萃取,GC/MS检测结果表明不饱和脂肪酸的比例为79.04%,多不饱和脂肪酸的比例为52.13%。超临界二氧化碳萃取法更适合海带多不饱和脂肪酸提取,能提高海带产品的附加值。

Composition Characteristics of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Medicine and Food Homologous Plant Kelp

The Soxhlet extraction method was used to extract the total fatty acids in dried kelp with different solvents. The extracts were hydrolyzed with alkali liquids and modified with the boron trifluoride, then analyzed with GC-MS methods to obtain the characteristics of the polyunsaturated fatty acids composition in kelp. The experimental results showed that the extraction rates of ethanol, acetone and petroleum ether are 11.92%, 3.93% and 3.22% respectively. According to the GC/MS results, the rate of unsaturated fatty acids in petroleum ether extracts were only 2.82%, but 60.40% in acetone extracts and 60.41% in ethanol extracts. The petroleum ether solvent was not suitable to extract the unsaturated fatty acids in kelp, but the acetone and ethanol solvents were better. The percentage of the polyunsaturated fatty acids in acetone extracts was 28.68%, and 30.29% in ethanol extracts. When the kelp was extracted by the supercritical carbon dioxide fluid extraction method and with ethanol as the entrainer, the percentage of the unsaturated fatty acids was 79.04%, and was 52.13% to the polyunsaturated fatty acids, according to the GC/MS results. The profit of kelp industry could be improved when the polyunsaturated fatty acids were extracted with supercritical carbon dioxide fluid extraction method.