生物体的特殊性能与其微观形貌的关系

经过数十亿年的进化，自然界中的生物体有着与生存环境相适应的优异结构和特殊功能。笔者以具有超疏水 自清洁功能的荷叶表面、色彩斑斓可以吸引异性的雄孔雀羽毛，以及具有高强度高韧性等优异机械性能的贝壳珍珠 层这三种生物体表面和生物材料为例，展示了其微观形貌上的纳米结构以及这些纳米结构精密有序的组装方式，揭 示了这种微观结构与其在宏观上的特殊性能存在的必然联系。

Relationship between the unique functions of organism and its microstructure

After several billion years’ evolution, creatures in nature possess perfect structures and unique functions which favor
their acclimatization. For instance, the lotus leaf exhibits almost complete self-cleaning ability with its superhydrophobic surface, the
male peacock has colorful and beautiful feathers which are helpful in its courtship display, and the nacre from seashells exhibits
superior levels of strength and toughness. This paper thus introduces the micromorphology of the three organisms mentioned above,
and reveals that the unique functions of organisms are related with the nanostructures and the accurate assembly method of these
nanostructures in their microstructures.