农业可持续发展评价指标体系分析评价

农业可持续发展评价指标体系是科学评价农业可持续发展的工具,是引导农业可持续发展的技术体系。通过查阅大量文献,阐明了其建立的一般过程与方法,并对国内外农业可持续发展评价指标体系的框架建立、研究层次、指标选取及实证评价进行分析。结果表明,在框架建立上,国内外建立方法基本一致,多为层级性结构;在研究层次上,国外在区域、作物、农场、农户水平都有研究,国内基本只集中在区域水平;在指标选取上,国外在社会、经济、生态3类指标中最偏重生态类指标,如氮、磷平衡,农药、杀虫剂风险等;国内3类指标并重,如农业产值、灌溉水、化肥和农药的使用等;在实证评价上,国外在政策指导及耕作实践指导2个方面都有研究,国内多集中在政策指导方面的实证评价。

Analysis and evaluation on assessment index system of agriculturesustainable development

Assessment index system is considered to be a useful evaluation tool and technical system guidance for sustainable agricultural development. The general procedures and methodologies for the establishing of assessment index system were elucidated based on widely literature reviews, and a present situation analysis of the framework building, research level along with the index selection and empirical evaluation of the system at home and aboard were conducted comprehensively. In term of framework building, the hierarchical structure were adopted by most of existing domestic methods in accordance with the methods abroad. As to the research level, many fields involving region, crop, as well as farm and farmer were involved in the researches abroad, whereas attentions were paid to the regional level in Chinese, simply. Thereafter, in regard to index selection, the researches abroad focused on the eco-index such as balance of nitrogen and phosphorus and risk of pesticides among economics, social and ecological index (e.g., agricultural output, irrigation water as well as application of pesticide and fertilizer) which were attached equal importance in our Country. In the case of empirical evaluation, researches were carried out on the objectives of both the policies and farming practices guidance abroad, which was different from the domestic researches concentrated on the aspect of policies guidance.