《诗经》中的元服蠡测

元服即首服,指头之服饰.《诗经》时代的元服主要有冠、冕、弁、胄、巾、帻、笠等.冠、冕、弁为王室贵族所用,是尊贵的象征,一般都非常讲究,有的异常华丽.假如打仗还要戴“胄”.平民百姓一般不戴冠,但要留全发而上罩头巾.当时还有人戴斗笠,用以遮阳防雨.唐代以前妇女无冠,女子头饰主要有笄、副、珈、瑱、揥、栉等物.当时妇女发式新潮,有的用笄簪装饰头发,有的以飘带来在发端,有的以发尖梳合上指,还有的戴假发,这充分体现了人们对头发的重视和修饰.可以说,《诗经》中的元服描写不仅反映出其防晒御寒、遮风挡雨的实用功能,而且还揭示出其礼仪政化、身份地位的内涵征象,传承着文质彬彬、追求时尚的审美观念.

Reflections on Gennpuku in The Book of Odes

In the age of The Book of Odes people paid much attention to Gennpuku, such as crest, crown, cap, helmet, kerchief, turban, bamboo hat.Aristocratic man should change his hair style to hold crown ceremony and show his adult at 20. crest,crown and cap were used by Aristocrat and the honorable symbol.crest, crown and cap were used daily. Helmet should be worn at war.Common people had no crest but kerchief with hair. bamboo hat was worn at that time to prevent the sunlight and rain. Before Tang dynasty ,women had no crown. There were a grown-up ceremony at 15 and showed that women can get married. Women＇s headwears are hair clasp, Fu, Jia, Jade jewelry near ear, a double-edged fine-toothed comb and comb. Women＇s hair decorative accessory was fashionable at that time, even worn wig to demonstrate people＇s emphasis and decoration on their hair. Gennpuku description in The Book of Odes not only reflected its preventing sun and cold, keeping out wind and rain, but also disclose its connotation symbol of political etiquette, status and ranking. It inherited aesthetic idea of the gentry and fashion.