The endocrine role for chromogranin A: A prohormone for peptides with regulatory properties |
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Authors: | K B Helle A Corti M-H Metz-Boutigue B Tota |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009 Bergen, Norway;(2) Department of Oncology and IIT Network Research Unit of Molecular Neurosciences, San Raffaele Institute, Milan, Italy;(3) INSERM, U575, Strasbourg, France;(4) Department of Cell Biology, University of Calabria, Cosenza, Italy |
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Abstract: | Chromogranin A (CgA) belongs to the granin family of uniquely acidic secretory proteins co-stored and co-secreted with other
hormones and peptides in elements of the diffuse neuroendocrine system. The granins arise from different genes and are characterized
by numerous sites for post-translational cleavage into shorter peptides with postulated regulatory properties. This review
is directed towards endocrine aspects of CgA and its biologically active peptides. There is ample evidence from in vitro studies of distinct effects and targets for three CgA-derived peptides, vasostatin-I, pancreastatin and catestatin. Endocrine
regulations are indicated from in vivo studies, consistent with the postulated prohormone function of CgA for peptides with regulatory properties. Most of the effects
fit into patterns of direct or indirect, inhibitory modulations of major functions, implicating CgA peptides in regulation
of calcium and glucose metabolism, cardiovascular functions, gastrointestinal motility and nociception, tissue repair, inflammatory
responses and as host defense peptides in the first phase of microbial invasions.
Received 1 June 2007; received after revision 11 July 2007; accepted 12 July 2007 |
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Keywords: | CgA peptides vasostatins chromofungin pancreastatin catestatin cateslytin parastatin calcium and glucose metabolism |
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